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…by Anura Guruge
Earlier post:
>> Titles & Deaconry Assigned To The November 24, 2012 New Cardinals … — Nov. 25, 2012.
- Click to access ‘VIS’ original.
Jan 312013
Dec 292012
Related posts:
1. Cardinal Creating Consistory Habits Of The Last 15 Popes, Benedict XVI To Pius VII … Dec. 26, 2012.
2. When An ‘In Pectore’ Creation Becomes A Cardinal Eligible To Vote … — Dec. 27, 2012.
The pictures tell the whole story without need for elaboration.
Pius VII’s 19 cardinal creating consistories. Click to ENLARGE.
The above data ‘graphed’. Click to ENLARGE.
Pius VII’s preferences for when he held his consistories. Click to ENLARGE.
Dec 272012
Click to access the February 20, 2011 comment.
Pertinent entry at the ‘Cardinals Website’. Click to access if you want to double check.
Click to access original comment by Dr. Marko B. Not sure why he has disappeared. He was very knowledgeable and helpful. I miss him. I should e-mail him.
One related post:
>> Popes Who Were Bona Fide Cardinals When Elected = 130 — June 16, 2012.
As the 1st comment cited shows, there has been much debate on this blog as to when a cardinal created in pectore becomes eligible to vote in a conclave — bearing in mind that the Pius V (#226) edict of January 26,Pius Vensured that all published cardinals can participate in a conclave irrespective of whether they had received their insignia, i.e., red hat, ring, scroll assigning Roman property, or not.
Click to enlarge. From a 1910 ‘Encyclopedia Britannica’ on art, culture etc.
I having carefully studied all the pertinent edicts, multiple times, have always maintained that an in pectore becomes bona fide as soon as the pope publicizes their names. Others have disagreed vehemently claiming that the publication can only occur at a ‘consistory’.
Marian Jaworski and Jānis Pujats who were created in pectore at the February 21, 1998 provide the ideal scenario for discussing this. Their names were publicly announced on Sunday, January 28, 2001. I have always maintained that they became eligible to vote at a conclave at that point — not following the February 21, 2001 consistory that took place 3 weeks later.
Yesterday while looking at Pius VIII (#252) cardinal creating record I found irrefutable proof — which Marko B. had alluded to in his comment (above) but had not taken to the ultimate conclusion. This is what the “Cardinal’s Website” says after the February 23, 1801 consistory that created a number of in pectore cardinals.
Click to access the relevant entry at the Cardinal’s Website.
But, the September 28, 1801 and March 29, 1802 ‘consistories’ are NOT LISTED! Bingo. They are no listed because no other cardinals were created on those days. It was just the publication of the in pectore names.
Anytime the pope sits with two or more cardinals in a formal setting, it is by definition a consistory. This has been my contention all along. You do not need a formal, cardinal creating consistory, with all the bells and whistles, to publish in pectore creations. As long as two or more cardinals are present when the names are publicized, the cardinals are valid. So now I can always refer to this, the next time this issue comes up, as it will surely do.
Happy New Year.
Dec 262012
Related post:
>> Multiple Cardinal Creating In Consistories In One Year — Dec. 14, 2012.
As I was doing the above post, at the behest of ‘Mark T.‘, I knew that I really had to start going back and collecting more data. I started doing that today, going back to 1800, the start of the 19th C.
The data should be fairly self-explanatory. I, as ever, highlighted the significant fields. Found some very interesting data about Pius VII (#252) in the process which I will write about tomorrow. For now, enjoy this table.
Click to ENLARGE.
Dec 232012
Related post:
>> Cardinalabili List ’2014′ by Darien N. Clark — Dec. 22, 2012.
“Rotgild” is a regular (and valued) contributor to this blog — especially on the topic of ‘cardinalabili‘. He had much to say when Darien’s ‘Winter 2012/Spring 2013‘ list was published in Sept. 2012. He also left a comment today on Darien’s latest list.
He sent me this via e-mail this morning:
Last time I was surprised by the date of consistory. For me there was no sense in two consistories in one year. More logical for me would be if pope made one big consistory for 30 people. Last time I said that the minumum number of cardinals should be 15. I have very different point of view than the pope, so now I am prepared for that I am totally wrong.
“Rotgild’s” list of his ‘definite’ 15 (plus a ‘B’ list), with those highlighted in RED in the main list being those that also appear as ‘LIKELY’ in Darien’s list.
Dec 222012
Darien’s last, i.e., ’2013′ Cardinalabili list
ahead of the surprise
November 24, 2012 Cardinal Creating Consistory.
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++ Do a SEARCH (>>>>>) on ‘Darien’ for all of Darien’s other posts and contributions over the year.
by Darien N Clark
Virginia Tech Catholic Campus Minister & Past Grand Knight, Knights of Columbus (Syracuse University)
Click here for the ENTIRE list as a small (safe) Adobe Acrobat PDF file.
This is my list of Cardinabili in PDF format. As listed in the notes at the bottom of the list, I am using the window of March 2014 when there will be 14 openings for new Cardinals barring any under-80 deaths. Here is more expansive commentary focusing on those I list as “locks” to supplement the short section of general notes found at the bottom of the list:
The November 2012 Consistory was a surprise, but it didn’t change the landscape of the College of Cardinals in any meaningful way. With only six new members the College is still largely Euro-centric. But the mere fact that the last Consistory included 0 Europeans, only 1 American and 5 non-westerners likely means the next Consistory will return to its Euro-centrism. Thus five of the top six, including the three at the top of my list are European Prelates. Number 1 on my list is Francesco Moraglia, Patriarch of Venice. He has not been Patriarch a full year yet, but given that his See is Venice, it is almost unthinkable he is passed over in the next Consistory. Archbishop Nosiglia of Turin has been thrice passed over while waiting for his predecessor to age out. Cardinal Poletto turns 80 this March so Nosiglia is another lock. Third is Archbishop Pontier of Marseilles. His predecessor aged out in 2011 so he was passed over twice in 2012. Interestingly, Pontier’s predecessor, Cardinal Panafieu, had to wait 8 years before his red hat. If Pontier is elevated in a March 2014 Consistory, he will have waited 8 years for his own.
Behind the three Europeans at the top is Archbishop Palma of Cebu, Philippines. Given Cardinal Tagle’s elevation in November, this does hurt Palma’s chances slightly, but I am banking on the fact that Rome might still be uncomfortable with the worlds third most populace Catholic nation having but one Cardinal elector at present. Thus, Palma is still high on the list. Behind him, yet two more Europeans. Archbishop Plaza of Toledo Spain and Archbishop Nichols of Westminster (London). Spain has just two Cardinals under age 80 who are still active and in Spain, but both are already past the retirement age of 75. (There are three Spaniards working in Rome as well as two retired Cardinals who have not aged out just yet). Plaza is the longest serving Spaniard in a traditional Cardinalite See not already a Cardinal, and his predecessor is in Rome (Canizares-Llovera), thus he is a lock on my list. Britain is not exactly a hot bed of Catholicism, but Westminster has historic roots. No Archbishop of Westminster (since it was elevated to an Archdiocese in 1850) has not been made a Cardinal. However, Cardinal Murphy-O’Connor aged out this past August leaving Great Britain with one Cardinal elector (Cardinal O’Brien of Edinburgh), so I see Nichols getting the nod in the next Consistory.
Rounding out my nine residential locks are Archbishops Tempesta (Rio de Janeiro), Lacroix (Quebec) and Andrello (Santiago de Chile). Tempesta was appointed Archbishop in 2009 and his predecessor, Cardinal Schied, aged out just three weeks ago. I do see this next Consistory being residential heavy and Euro-centric, meaning only the most prominent non-European Sees will get a good look. Rio is one of the most well known cities in the world in one of the worlds most Catholic nations. And Rio hosts the next World Youth Day. That is a fantastic chance to show off to the Pope. Hell, WYD Denver single-handedly got then-Archbishop James Stafford a promotion to Rome and a red hat. There’s no reason to think Tempesta may not get the red hat boost, especially since Rio is predisposed to having a Cardinal. Lacroix succeeded Cardinal Ouellet as the Archbishop of Quebec. Given Ouellet’s prominence in Rome, and the likelihood that Lacroix, who only an Auxiliary before his appointment, was hand-selected by Ouellet, I see his chances at the next Consistory being very good. My final lock is Archbishop Andrello of Santiago de Chile. Quite frankly, there is only one factor that puts Andrello on my A-list. He is a Salesian, the same religious order the Popes Secretary of State and right hand man, Cardinal Bertone. There are already 6 Salesian Cardinals, tied for the most from one religious order. Farina is in the best position to benefit from this connection.
The Curial locks are fairly self explanatory. Muller and Paglia are absolute guarantees. Both men will be on the list even if the next Consistory is earlier than March 2014. Both of Zimowski’s predecessors have been Cardinals and there is no reason to think he will not be also. Given his relative youth, it is possible that he may wait another turn, but I don’t think it’s likely. The interesting piece to me is Secretary of State. Cardinal Bertone is now 78, less than two years away from being a non-elector. And he is still serving actively in arguably the most important job in the Vatican that does not require white garments. Alot of this is contingent upon what happens with the Papacy. After the next Conclave, it is almost assured that Bertone will retire. Either because the new Pope is from the anti-Bertone camp within the College or because the new Pope will be younger, healthier and not need a strong-man as Benedict does. It appears that, so long as Benedict remains Pope, Bertone will be around. In terms of the impact on the next Consistory, if a new Secretary of State is appointed, whoever he is will be made a Cardinal at the next Consistory. Other Curial office holders could be considered, but these three men (and the potential forth with Sec. State) are the locks.
Final thoughts. Overall, I see the next Consistory being residential heavy, but not doing much to clear out the backlog of non-Western or non-European prelates awaiting the red hat. Once again, I do not have a single American in my locks, although Archbishop Chaput is on the A-List and Archbishops Gregory, Lori, Gomez and Nieves (Puerto Rico) are all on the B-list.
Dec 142012
by Anura Guruge
Just two of the many related posts:
1/ Nov. 24, 2012 Consistory: Smallest In 35 Years, Fastest In 52 Years! — Oct. 24, 2012.
2/ Benedict XVI (#266) Continues As Most Prolific Cardinal Creator Since 1900 — Oct. 25, 2012.
…+++ Do a SEARCH (>>>) or check ‘Consistory’ TAB above (↑↑↑)
Mark T., our papal coin collector and expert, sent me an e-mail a few nights going wondering how common it was to have 2 or more consistories in one year, as was the case this year. Mark, to his credit, noted that it was quite likely that I had already addressed this in one of my many tables. And I had, in the table that accompanied this Oct. 24, 2012 post. That is how I worked out that the November 24, 2012 cardinal creating consistory was the fastest since John XXIII’s (262) March 28, 1960 consistory.
Though they created a lot of cardinals, neither John Paul II (#265) nor Paul VI (#264) held two consistories within one year, calendar or chronological; 843 days being John Paul II’s best (not counting his 1st) and 399 days for Paul VI.
Good Pope John XXIII (#262), who in 1958 (in his very 1st consistory) started the accelerated cardinal creating program by putting aside Sixtus V’s (#228) ’70 cardinals max.’ edit of 1586, held 3 within a calendar year — he knowing that he had cancer being in a hurry to change the complexion of the College.
The table below which focuses on the 20th century cardinal creating consistories up to the end of John XXIII’s reign highlights, in its last 2 columns, the frequency at which consistories happened. The third columns indicates when there were 3 within a year. The arrows point them out. Note by looking at the 1st ‘Δ’ column that Pius XI (#260) was fond of spacing his consistories 182 days, i.e., 6 months, apart.
Click to ENLARGE.
I then went and had a QUICK look at the 19th century. I immediately found 3 in one calendar year, 1889: Leo XIII’s (#257) February 11, 1889 (his 12th), May 24, 1889 and and December 30, 1889. I didn’t look further. I am sure I am find more 3-fers possibly even more in one year. But, I will leave it at that for today.
Nov 302012
by Anura Guruge
Related posts:
1/ Consistory, February 18, 2012 — Offical Program Booklet — Feb. 13, 2012.
2/ Rings For The New, February 2012, Cardinals — Dec. 31, 2011.
The new style, Benedict XVI rings as of February 2012. They do not have a gem stone. See ‘February 13′ post (above) for large, very clear picture.
The old style rings used by John Paul II and Benedict XVI until 2012. See ‘Dec. 31, 2011′ post (above) for larger picture and more links.
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This description was provided in the February 2012 Consistory booklet. I had provided a link to it and talked about it in the ‘February 13, 2012′ post (above). You can access the booklet by clicking on this image.
Given that I had talked about the cardinals’ rings quite a bit prior to the February 18, 2012 consistory, I had not thought it would be necessary for me to go over the same ground again — other than to mention, in passing, that as in the February consistory the rings would be given out with the ‘red‘ hats on the Saturday.
But, then on Sunday I got an e-mail, from a valued contributor, who talked about the gemstone in the rings given to the cardinals! I was shocked. They had stopped the gemstones, traditionally sapphires, as of 1976 — as had been noted in my earlier posts. I went and double checked no gemstones.
It appears that the TV commentator, probably overcome by the incense, said that the star in the ring was a gemstone. Balderdash. No gemstone. Period.
Nov 282012
Last related posts:
>> Indian Cardinal Baselios Cleemis Thottunkal, Created November 24, Did Not Get A ‘Red Hat’ — Nov. 26, 2012.
>> Cardinal Patriarchs: More Background By Edward T.S. … — Nov. 08, 2012.
>> Titles & Deaconry Assigned To The November 24, 2012 New Cardinals … — Nov. 25, 2012.
>>>>>> Check CATEGORY ‘Consistories’, ‘Consistory’ TAB at top (↑↑) or do SEARCH for other related posts.
For video of the November 24, 2012 cardinal creating consistory check out this post.
That Indian Cardinal Baselios Cleemis Thottunkal of the of the Syro-Malankara Catholic Church walked away with a rather dapper and imposing turban like contraption with a gold cross on the top has now been discussed quite a bit, with ‘Kenny L.’ providing links to another discussion forum. Having studied this turban thing for a few days, and obviously having first hand experience of such matters, I am now convinced that this is a cleverly disguised and very ingenious Indian ‘dabba‘ — i.e., tiffin carrier. The red top part, surmounted by the cross lifts up — the cross serving as the handle. Inside is an insulated tiffin carrier for the cardinals chappati and dahl. This way he always has access to a snack even when he is stuck at the Vatican. I have to assumed that $20K Dolan is bummed. He wants one too — but bigger.
Well we expected that the Cardinal Patriarch would be different, and he did not disappoint. He, like the Indian, came up to the pope with native headgear in place — to obviate the possibility that one of Marini’s men would not stick a red zucchetto on their head. So, the Cardinal Patriarch, like the Syro-Malankaran, did not get a red hat or a traditional red biretta; neither did he get a disguised tiffin carrier. Instead he got a red turbanish thing of sorts, like a red salad bowl — which did look very middle eastern. Maybe it can be used as an eating utensil.
The red salad bowl/turban type hat given to the cardinal patriarch at the November 24, 2012 cardinal creating consistory. Click to read accompanying story in the Lebanese paper.
Another picture of the Patriarch in a turban of sorts — appearing to be carefully checking the ‘hallmark’ on the cross to make sure that it is not a fake. Click to read accompanying article …
Nov 262012
Last related post:
>> Titles & Deaconry Assigned To The November 24, 2012 New Cardinals … — Nov. 25, 2012.
>>>>>> Check CATEGORY ‘Consistories’, ‘Consistory’ TAB at top (↑↑) or do SEARCH for other related posts.
Baselios Cleemis Thottunkal, referred to ‘at home’ as Moran Mor Baselios Cleemis, Major Archbishop (Trivandrum) and Catholicos of the Syro-Malankara Catholic Church, did not get a traditional red biretta or even a red zucchetto at the November 24, 2012 cardinal creating consistory. He also did not wear the familiar red robes. Instead of a biretta he received a black turban of sorts with a red peak crowned with a gold cross. He looked like a sultan, a Cardinal Sultan.
The distinctive red & black hat given to the new Indian cardinal. Click image to read the article and see original photograph at the Indian ‘The Hindu’ newspaper.
Another picture of the distinctive attire sported by the new Indian cardinal.
Click to access ‘Rome Reports’ video of the November 24, 2012 consistory.
Yes, I know it has all to do with him being a Syro-Malankaran. But does eschewing ‘the red‘ mean that he is exempt from having to shed blood, if called upon, on behalf of the Church? The red is not to just make them look dandy, it does carry significance and symbolism. So not sure why they make such exemptions — when in the end they are all supposed to be Catholics.
My compatriot and occasional contributor, ‘Kenny L.‘,
who currently resides in Canada and is an expert of many matters ‘Catholic’ sent me these relevant links.
They should definitely be perused.
1/ The Skull Cap of the Syrian Priesthood: Kenny points out ‘It’s usually called the “masnapto” worn in black, but i believe it must be the same in red. I could be wrong. Not so sure on this. May have to check with someone good with the Eastern Rite Catholics’ and then provides this link to a ‘Voice of Orthodoxy’ Website.
2/ Discussion, comments and aside as to why the cardinal wore black, including 3 new pictures. It is the ‘Catholic Answers’ Website.